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Ammonium phosphatides
- Emulsifier
Amonium phosphatides
can sometimes be made using Glycerol (see Glycerol) Therefore
the finished additive may contain animal fat.
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Beeswax - white and yellow
- Glazing Agent
Not suitable for Vegans.
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phosphate - Anti-caking agent |
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Calcium Lactate - Antioxidant
Another type of salt derived
from Lactic Acid. (see Lactic Acid)
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Calcium Stearoyl-2-lactylate
- Emulsifier
See 4Mono- and Diglycerides
of fatty acids and
Lactic Acid (contains Lactic Acid and Stearic Acid)
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Canthaxanthin
(Natural Orange Colour Xanthophylls) -
colouring.
Be aware that although Canthaxanthin
is usually derived from plant material, it can sometimes
be made from fish and invertebrates with hard shells.
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Carbon Black, Vegetable
Carbons - colouring
If the description on product
packaging says "Vegetable Carbons", then it is
most likely free of animal derivatives. (but could be derived
from GM crops!) But if the additive is described as "Carbon
Black", it 's more likely to be derived from various
parts of animals.
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Cochineal, Carminic
acid, Carmines Natural Red 4 - colouring
A colouring that makes many
foods red. Found in alcoholic drinks, fruit pie fillings,
jams, many sweets and even cheeses. Cochineal is made from
the female insect found on cacti called Dactylopius Coccus.
She is boiled alive or left to "cook" alive through
sun exposure. Cochineal is the result of crushing scales
of the insect into a red powder.
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Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides
- Flavour enhancer
Often made from animals
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Disodium inosinate
- Flavour enhancer
Almost always made from animals
and fish
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Emulsifiers
related to the mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids family:
(preceeded by E Numbers)
(E472a) Acetic acid esters
(E472b) Lactic acid esters
(E472c) Citric acid esters
(E472d) Tartaric acid esters
(E472e) Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters
(E472f) Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters
Because the
E472 family is derived from Glycerine (Glycerol), there
may be a slim chance that any of these might contain animal
fats.
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Ferrous lactate -
Colouring
A lactate is a compound formed
when a mineral is bound to lactic acid. This is why additives
named as a lactate may have been derived from an animal
source such as whey. (see Lactic Acid)
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Gelatine
- Emulsifier /
Gelling Agent
Gelatine
has now been classed as food (made of animal skin and hoofs)
in it's own right. Remember, all types of gelatine are animal
based and can be found in dairy products like yoghurts,
plus many kinds of confectionery, jellies and other sweets.
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Glycerol (Humectant,
Solvent, Sweet Glycerin) - Sweetener
There is contention
surrounding the origins of Glycerol. Through various industrial
reselling practices, a majority of glycerine originates
as a by-product of soap manufacturing. Many soaps are manufactured
using animal fats. This indicates that even though glycerine
occurs naturally in plants, what ends up in food and soap
products mostly originates from animals.
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Glycine and its sodium
salt - Flavour enhancer
Can sometimes be prepared
from gelatine.
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Lactic Acid - Antioxidant
Can be obtained from whey
so Vegan's should determine the source of the ingredient
by contacting manufacturers. Lactic Acid can be found in
carbonated drinks, beer, dressings and various tinned products.
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Lactitol - Sweetener
Derived from Lactose, commercially
prepared using whey, so unsuitable for vegans.
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Lactylated fatty acid esters
of glycerol and propane-1 - Emulsifier
See Propane-1, 2-diol esters
of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids above
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L-cysteine - Improving
agent
Produced commercially from
animal and human hair (and feathers). When produced from
animal hair it is almost certain that all L-cysteine is
taken from slaughtered animals. When human hair is used
it is often sourced from women in third-world countries.
L-cysteine is used as an additive in around 5% of bread
and other bakery products. It is not used in wholemeal bread
or other wholemeal bakery products.
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L-cysteine hydrochloride
- Improving agent
Produced from L-cystine (see
L-cysteine above)
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L-cysteine hydrochloride
monohydrate - Improving agent
Produced from L-cystine (see
L-cysteine above)
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Lecithins - Emulsifier
and Stabilizer
Some Lecithin contains egg
yolks so not suitable for Vegans. Other main sources of
Lecithin are from soya bean oil and is likely to be genetically
modified (if sourced from countries such as the US) Lecithin
can also be directly obtained from animal fat.
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Magnesium Stearate
- Emulsifier / Anti-caking Agent
This is another
magnesium salt from fatty acids and like Sodium, potassium
and calcium salts of fatty acids, may originate from animal
sources.
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Magnesium stearate, calcium
stearate - Emulsifier and Anti-caking agent
See Stearic Acid
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Mono- and
Diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate,
glyceryl distearate) - Emulsifier
Because this
is derived from Glycerine (Glycerol) , there may be a slim
chance that this might contain animal fats.
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Polyglycerol esters of
fatty acids - Emulsifier
Being an ester of fatty acids
which may be derived from animals.
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Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate
- Emulsifier
As this is produced from glycol
esters the glycerol can be
sourced from a by-product of animal fats in the manufacturing
of soap.
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Polyoxyethylene -
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers
There are
various types of polyoxyethlene: (Listed by E Number)
E430 Polyoxyethylene
(8) stearate (Emulsifier / Stabiliser)
E431 Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate (Emulsifier)
E432 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate
20 Emulsifier)
E433 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate
80 Emulsifier)
E434 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate
40 Emulsifier)
E435 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate
60 Emulsifier)
E436 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate
65 Emulsifier)
These additives are very unlikely
to originate from animals as they are normally derived from
various types of fruit. It may still be worth checking with
manufactures as to the exact origins of the ingredients
which make up these Emulsifiers and stabilisers.
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Potassium Lactate -
Antioxidant / Acidity Regulator
Another type of salt derived
from Lactic Acid. (see Lactic Acid)
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Potassium Nitrate (Saltpetre)
- Preservative
Saltpetre is usually assumed
to be of natural origins but it can be artificially manufactured
from waste animal matter. Potassium nitrate is often found
in smoked type cheeses - so even if the cheese contains
vegetable rennet and not animal rennet, it may contain potassium
nitrate made from animal waste, so check with the cheese
manufacturer to determine the source of the potassium nitrate.
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Propane-1, 2-diol esters
of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids -
Emulsifier
The glycol esters
of fatty acids can be sourced from a by-product of animal
fats in the manufacturing of soap.
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Shellac - Glazing
Agent
Shellac is a resin secreted
by an insect called the lac bug Laccifer lacca Kerr (Coccidae)
. It is often unclear as to whether the insect is killed
in the process of commercially obtaining shellac as the
resin is left by the insect on various plants. Whether this
resin is harvested as a residue or extracted by directly
killing the insects needs further investigation.
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Sodium Lactate - Antioxidant
Sodium Lactate is the salt
of Lactic Acid. (see Lactic Acid)
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Sodium Stearoyl-2-lactylate
- Emulsifier
(contains
Lactic Acid and Stearic Acid)
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Sodium, potassium and calcium
salts of fatty acids - Emulsifier / Anti-caking Agent
As this is
derived from fatty acids, these may originate from animal
sources.
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Sorbitan Monolaurate
- Emulsifier
See Sorbitan monostearate
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Sorbitan Monooleate
- Emulsifier
See Sorbitan monostearate
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Sorbitan Monopalmitate
- Emulsifier
See Sorbitan monostearate
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Sorbitan monostearate
- Emulsifier and Stabilizer
From stearic acid and is used
in dried yeast. Stearic acid is found in vegetable and animal
fats, but commercial production is usually synthetic. See
also 570
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Sorbitan Tristearate
- Emulsifier
See Sorbitan monostearate
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Stearic Acid Fatty
Acid -
Anti-caking agent
Stearic acid is found in vegetable
and animal fats, but commercial production is usually synthetic.
Often used in dried yeast.
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Stearyl tartrate -
Emulsifier
See Mono- and Diglycerides
of fatty acids
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Sucroglyceride - Emulsifier
Sucroglyceride is a glyceride
of sucrose ester of E471,
being fatty acids, which may be derived from animals.
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Sucrose esters of fatty
acids - Emulsifier
E473 is a sucrose ester of
Mono- and Diglycerides of fatty acids, which may be derived
from animals.
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Thermally oxidized soya
bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty
acids - Emulsifier
See Mono- and Diglycerides
of fatty acids.
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NOVA
Ethical Labelling Campaign
If you would like to see an
end to the confusion about what is and what isn't suitable
for veg*ns
then please visit our campaign at: http://www.looking-glass.co.uk/ethical-labeling/index.htm
You may also want to take
an E Number version of this additives list with you when
you go shopping so click
here for a printer-friendly version
For
more detailed information on some of the ingredients in
the above listing see:
http://www.bryngollie.freeserve.co.uk/Enumbers.htm
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